Madness and Imagination
Dare to Know, Dare to Imagine, Dare to Make
Everything we make and use is designed
Everything we make and use—every product, every interaction, every space, every word, every thought, every expectation—is shaped by humans for humans.
- The clothes we wear
- The chairs we sit on
- The apps we use
- The food we eat
- The schools we attend
- The cities we live in
- The conferences we go to...
...all of it is made by humans for humans. We sometimes forget the degree to which everything is shaped by us.
- The animals we keep
- The animals we eat
- The vegetables
- The fruits
...are shaped by us.
And we shape not just things, not just

Airports and typefaces

Houses and parks

Roads and cars

Shops and pizzas

- Cities and hospitals
- Regions
- Countries

Hotels and doors

Lobbies and hairstyles
We shape everything

...we shape forests...

...landscapes...

the sea...
Everything we perceive and think and express is shaped by connected human minds
Not just objects and interactions, but practically everything in our physical or mental reach is shaped by us.

Not just the physical, measurable, weighable, countable things, and what we do with them, but
- Human science
- Natural science
- Different forms of language
- (By extension) our thoughts and
- The expectations they build

...are formed by humans for humans. And unlike most of our physical artifacts, language, science, and thought are not things we own but share.
We tend to forget just how much is artificial

What about the Milky Way? The Milky Way is an image we generated based on data coming from machines we built and use based on what we think they should do. We made this image.

We can see the Milky Way without the help of machines.

But most of the time we don't because we shaped the night sky to hide the stars.

Depending on what we presume, even the Milky Way looks different, is different, means something different, appears in a different shape. We can see it as out there, or we can see ourselves in the middle of it, or we can see it as Gods, or animals, or both:
We don’t experience the world as it is; we experience it through layers of thought, language, and the expectations they create, through intention or neglect, goodwill and ill will.
Truth itself is made
Giambattista Vico said that the truth is made. Everything we use and do is made and perception itself is to a degree made. This is good and bad news.
The good news
The bad news
That everything we experience is shaped by humans for humans is liberating.
It's liberating because it means that we are all, to a certain degree, designers. Not every pilot is a web designer, obviously, but every pilot shapes the trajectory of the flight and the well-being of their passengers, every hairdresser is a hair designer, every manager a business designer, every teacher shapes education. Every parent shapes their child. Not just every architect, but to a degree every construction worker shapes buildings, every waiter shapes the experience of their restaurant, everybody at work or at play shapes the world. We all have the power to change the shape of things, thoughts, and actions.
Understanding that when we work we all shape the world to a certain degree is radically liberating. If everything we see, think, say and interact with is designed, then everything we do is shaping the world, and that means that everything can be redesigned. Everything should be redesigned because nothing is ever perfect. That's the liberating thought, full of light. But that very same thought also casts a shadow. A big shadow.
That everything is designed is also terribly depressing... because not everything works, not everything is beautiful. When we look around, we don’t see a world shaped by care, intelligence, and beauty. How is it that, instead of improving our world, we mostly see ugliness, dysfunction, and waste?
We built and live in cities that look like a hellscape made of concrete.

With dark alleys.

Tight rooms with low ceilings.

We built barriers against skating, cycling, having fun.

We build cages so homeless people stay cold.

We bar corners so no one can sit or stand there.

We built roofs with gaps so people without a roof can't sleep under them.

We segmented benches so those who do not have beds cannot get a rest.

We spike sills to tell people to go away.

We build playgrounds that look like prisons.

In our classrooms kids are trained to sit still, listen and repeat. We prepare them not to imagine a different, nicer life, but a life full of never-ending meetings and PowerPoint presentations.

We build schools like prisons.

We shape a society focused on rules and surveillance and punishment.

We watch stupid TV shows that portray mere popularity as something we need to "keep up with."

We kill our time watching superhero franchises that keep telling the same stories with the same heroes with the same actors.

We get flooded with stupid music that misplaces shock as depth.

We exhaust ourselves with social media nonsense.

We design, build and buy products that break, frustrate, and disappoint.

We create, install and use bacteria-distributing jet engines.

We keep up with the Kardashians and planet-destroying food systems that no one likes and no one would ever create if you asked them.
So, yes, everything is designed, and that's great, but why are we all doing such a bad job? Why, in a world where design is everywhere, is so much of it such utter trash? And why do we not improve, but often make things worse?
Who is to blame?

Businesses? People, we work in businesses. The rich who own businesses? They do shape their businesses, they do shape politics and society more than average people...

Technology? Do we have too much technology? Or too little? Will better technology, will AGI, save us from ourselves?

But since everything is designed, aren't the designers the problem?
Famously, Corbusier built a house with a roof that didn't hold what it promised and when its owner complained that raindrops were falling on their bed, the architect said: "Then move your bed."
It's everybody's fault, since everybody designed this world.
We build, sell and buy all this crap. It is there because we all create and want it. And if we look in the mirror, we know that we are all guilty.
Every pupil knows this. Practically every pupil's paper on any social or moral problem ends with "Let's start with ourselves." And if, as a pupil, you want a good grade, you won't say we should all rebel against stupid rules but follow the rules: do our homework, help mom, eat and sleep, and do as we're told.
If we want to improve, we need to obey less. We need to revolt more.
There is one fundamental difference between pupils and grown-ups. Pupils have little influence. Grown-ups do. We work. Our work is the primary way we shape this planet.
We could change what we influence, we could change the way we work, but usually we don't. We tell ourselves that we can't make a difference.
The truth is that we could make a change, but we don't really know how because, in a non-trivial way, we lack both the imagination to imagine how exactly things could be different. We even lack the courage to imagine how things could be different, because we are too scared to be seen as stupid, foolish, different, crazy nuts, insane.
We prefer to be normal not because normal is better but because normal is more convenient.
Imagine
A Writing App Made to Write
Normal writing apps are not pleasant to write with. Why?

We all know this app. It's called Word. Supposedly, it's made for writing. In reality almost everything it does is against writing.
It is very unpleasant to write in it.
A forest of buttons, and, in the center, a white sheet of paper with a tiny blinking cursor. While most content today is read on screens of many sizes — mostly on mobile — Word still frames writing as placing text onto a fixed sheet of paper. Not metaphorically, but literally. Source: MyExcelOnline

What do you get? Content is framed as something destined for A4 or US Letter. This shifts the user’s focus toward how it will look in an outdated print format rather than how it will be read on modern devices. The text and cursor are small, optimized for layout precision instead of readability. And despite the dense interface, very few tools actually help improve the quality of the writing itself.

The model is omnipresent. The reason why all writing apps look the same is not just due to a lack of imagination. Everybody expects the paper-based MS Word model.

Word is modeled after what offices used to be. A place where you fill paper with words and then print and send and archive stacks of papers into files and cabinets.

And even though we have moved way past that type of work, it has shaped the office and made sure it doesn't evolve with time.
Microsoft Office was shaped after a prison and then it made sure that the prison stays a prison.


The Real Office, ca. 2001. MS Office is modeled after how the real office used to work. And at some point, in return, the real office became a bit like MS Office. (Source: Chilvrs and Loophole Magazine)
What You See is What You Get: Screenshot from an article that explains how to “Insert QuickTables in Word.” Doesn’t look very quick, but looks can deceive. Source: PCWorld
The problem is that they are built on an obsolete model.


Lars Tunbjörk, Office, 03: Food industry, Tokyo 1999 “The distinct visual style of Severance was inspired by Swedish photographer Lars Tunbjörk’s 2001 series Office, according to cinematographer Jessica Lee Gagné.” Source: Chilvrs and Loophole Magazine
Severance. “At first, she hesitated to take on the project because of how dull and monotonous office spaces can be, but ultimately embraced it.” Chilvrs
Why is it as it is?

From the get-go, Word was focused not on writing but on formatting.

The first change was adding colors.

Print was the goal.

Paper frames it.

Writing is boring. Let's add some fun.

Typography is cool, but we need more buttons and rulers!

Words are not enough. A picture says a thousand words.

More buttons for more control.

More color, more fun.

2007, paper on screens in a blue world.

With fun colors.

And more buttons.

Maybe we overdid the buttons. Let's reduce them, because now we have...

AI!
So, now imagine how it should be
The state of MS Office is as depressing and convenient as the Kardashians, the state of social media, music and the food industry.
And the reason why it is as it is: business, technology, design, and everybody.
And the deeper root is that everybody related to MS Office lacks courage and imagination.
So let's see what imagination does to a writing app.





Think outside the box. Then throw the box away.
To imagine, you need to get rid of the frame of reference and ask yourself: What do we really need?

iA Writer in 2011: In reality this is all we need and not only does it suffice to just have words, it is more pleasant and focused to write with just words.

iA Writer in 2026



It's lighter, faster, more compatible, and future-proof.
What about AI?

AI loves Markdown.

Imagine not just your app with ChatGPT like everybody else does, but what happens when everyone uses AI...

What we need is something that helps us discern what we wrote and what we generated.
Now imagine a presentation app made to present









Imagine a notebook that works for writing and reading




How does imagination (not) work, really?
Everywhere we look there's a lack of care, skill, and imagination. We lack care because we're lazy; we lack skills because we don't care.
But what makes imagination such a rare quality?
How does imagination not work?

Build creepy things if you business is built on mass surveillance doesn't take much imagination.

Metaverse was a rehash of second life thought up by someone that famously lacks imagination. No-one wanted it.

Apple confirmed that they had completely run out of ideas, when they copied what no one ever wanted from the most unimaginative company in the word.

and it's not just lame IT projects that take an existing trend to an extreme, or rebuild and already failed product, practically every new song, new movie, and new book, every new app and every new product that hits the market lacks imagination. Not in a trivial way, but in a very profound one.

One reason why the world is going to hell is that there is more and more of the same and a gimping lack of courage to imagine it radically differently.

We could do better, but somehow we do not dare to even think about the world being different instead of more of the same. What kind of courage are we lacking?
Isn't it obvious how broken things are? Aren't we all mad about how broken things are? Why don't we, just do it then?

The courage to go beyond being mad. Going beyond being mad at something or someone, being mad about how broken things are. Getting mad enough to try to understand and accept why exactly things are broken, and getting mad enough to decide to fix them.
We lack the courage to be mad at ourselves for not doing something. Mad enough to accept the responsibility to fix what we can and should fix. The kind of madness that doesn’t just blame and complain. The kind of madness that tries to understand in spite of being mad, that wildly imagines—and then carefully tries to make—something better.
Born in Madness
In the same way that philosophy is born from astonishment, design is born in madness. Design doesn't just look mad, it is mad and acts mad. It requires different, audacious ideas—it requires both understanding why things are as they are and, in spite of perfectly understanding how things came to be, imagining how things could be different, better, nicer.
Design doesn't free us from madness, it makes us crazy and crazier. Design requires the mad will to repeat, refine, and perfect, to do the same thing again and again; it requires the relentless repetitive pursuit to improve. To fail, to learn, to persist.
We usually get stuck in the first kind of madness. The madness at something or someone. We see the broken world and feel anger, frustration, or resignation. We feel "How can this be!" and usually we stop there.
Maybe we tell someone about our frustration, maybe write an angry Google Maps comment, a furious letter, a grumpy email to those who should do something. But rarely do we channel our anger into action. We don’t dare to take the next step after "This doesn’t have to be this way." We don't dare to think, we don't dare to know, we don't dare to act.
Methodically Abnormal
Good design is not given. It is fought for. It is slow, difficult, and expensive. It requires time, care, and the courage to be misunderstood, ridiculed, and fail. The simplicity of good design is the result of a long, stubborn process of thinking, drafting, and refining, that may end up leaving us misunderstood, failed, or in the worst case truly plain mad.
Design is radically optimistic. When we design something we need to believe that there is a solution out there. We don't just assume that there is a solution, we are sure that there must be a solution. And most of the time there are one or more solutions, because everything can be improved. But sometimes there just isn't much we can do with the means and the energy and the time we have at our disposal. And sometimes we fail because no one hears us, and sometimes we fail because we went wrong and didn't want to accept it.
Whether, by failing, we end up realizing that we're still just mad, as in angry or mad as in truly nuts, the world around us stays ugly, broken, and wasteful. And insofar as morality is concerned, those who dare are never wrong. Whether we fail or succeed, the world can always work better, look better, be better. What we collectively make, buy, and accept doesn't need to be as it is just because it makes money.
If we have learned something in the last decade then it is the simple truth that rich does not mean right, rich does not mean smart, and whoever is in power does not necessarily deserve to be in power.
The market rewards the cheap, the fast, the disposable. It’s easier to sell junk than to sell something thoughtful, durable, or beautiful. Unlike in the world of movies, where the bad guy gets caught, where Karma wins, and good people get what they deserve, in the real world lying, cheating, and betrayal can make you rich, insanely rich. We'd have to talk to rich people to be sure, but increasingly I get the impression that, against everything that I want to believe, against everything that Hollywood or the pope wants you to believe, you may actually cheat, lie, and betray, get rich, and be happy with yourself. Likely the biggest trick that the devil has pulled is making us believe that we're only happy if we're honest. The reason why I increasingly believe that we have been fooled about means and happiness is that, as far as I can tell, a good life is a calm, fulfilled, beautiful life with enough energy, space, and time at its disposal. I can't speak for the whole world, but in the West and in Japan, this type of life is, as far as I know, extremely expensive.
Maybe, if you have good taste and strong nerves, and you can afford to make some cuts on essential matters, you can live in a beautiful world, somewhere far away, somehow using some tricks you won't share. But likely, if you're poor, you live a miserable life.
Patently Insane
Good design is aesthetic, it's functional, and it's economical. And inevitably it has a moral (or immoral) effect. Design shapes the way we see, think, interact with, and shape the world. Every object, every system, every interaction reflects and perpetuates the values that shaped it. Objects shaped with or without intention are never neutral in their usage. Shaping things intentionally and unintentionally defines what can and cannot be done with them.
We cannot be neutral in our reaction to design either.
If we accept stupid design we justify stupidity. If we accept careless design, we justify those that didn’t care. If we accept abusive design, we justify those that abuse. As consumers we always need to demand better. That doesn't mean we generally need to complain about pricing, that we always need to ask for more features or make a scene when the waiter wasn't nice to us.
What we need to demand is a world that respects our intelligence, our time, our energy, and our humanity. And if we don't get that, we need to do something. Ultimately, we need to do it ourselves.
Stubbornly Nuts
To design fearlessly is to risk being called crazy. It’s to question the status quo, to reject the "normal," and to insist on something better—even when no one else sees the point. Designing is to repeat, to refine, to persist, even when it’s easier to give up.
Good design makes things better. It understands that the "normal" way of doing things—whether in schools, in businesses, in cities—is often the most insane. It’s about having the courage to say: "We deserve better. And we’re going to make it better."
Completely Coocoo
Design is the process of turning madness into meaning, moving from insanity to beauty. It may start with the shock of encountering something so poorly made that it feels like an insult. We refuse to accept that insult. And we commit to making something better—again and again, until it works.
Design is madness, and as such it can feel lonely, make us lonely, and be lonely. But good design, design that works, is the opposite. Good design is made for others: thinking of others, talking and listening to others, working with others so what we work on works for others. Good design requires that we invest our time and energy for others so they can save time and energy. Good design is the gift of time.
Good design may start lonely, but if it succeeds it is never the work of a lonely person. It requires economics, communication, engineering, daring, thinking, and working hand in hand. Good design comes out of the work of anyone who dares to do better for others. Who dares to be mad enough to imagine, and mad enough to try until it works.
Let’s be mad, and transform that anger into understanding and channel that understanding into figuring out how to do things better. Transform madness that destroys into the imagination that cares and creates, that looks at the broken world and says: "We can do better. Let me get to it."

What if it turns out that we won't be understood, that we fail, that we were indeed crazy?
The good news is that we don't need to convince everybody. We don't need to change the whole world at once. We just need to find enough people that share our views, and are willing to be crazy together.
We just need to find enough people that make it possible to continue doing things differently.