iPlayground 2026, with a Prologue Podcast

Age Assurance Frameworks, and Digital Identity Wallet

Denken Chen

Opinions are on my own

Table of Contents

  1. Regulation Trend: why verifying our age?
  2. Age Assurance Frameworks
  3. Digital Identity Wallet
  4. Zero Knowledge Proof

1. Regulation Trend

Why verifying our age?

Restrictions of social media access, content access, etc., required by age-verification laws!

To "Protect"

  • Children

To "Fight"

  • No real-name system
  • No Phone Home
  • Always a workaround, e.g. VPN

To "Governance"

2. Age Assurance Frameworks

An Overview

ISO/IEC 27566-1:2025

Methods

assurance implementation
age verification 👍 🤬 → 🤓
age estimation 🤔 😡
age inference 👎 😗

Apple's Age Assurance Frameworks

  1. Declared Age Range API
    • selfDeclared
    • guardianDeclared
  2. If you're asked to confirm that you’re an adult
  3. Verify with Wallet API
  4. Adding Digital ID to Apple Wallet, and... Digital Identity Wallet?

3. Digital Identity Wallet

From the governments, around the world.

Why not just using Apple Wallet?

Possible Credentials for Natural Person in Digital Identity Wallet Around the World

  1. eID
  2. Driver's License
  3. Digital Travel Credential (from passport)
  4. Education and professional qualifications
  5. ...

Possible Credentials for Verifying 18+ in Taiwan

Proof of Ownership

  1. Citizen Digital Certificate 自然人憑證
  2. TW FidO 行動自然人憑證
  3. Driver's License

Birthdate field, with Selective Disclosure

  1. National ID card
  2. National Health Insurance card
  3. Passport
  4. TWCA Mobile ID

4. Zero Knowledge Proof

Advanced cryptography. What’s the benefits?

Possible Credentials for Verifying 18+ in Taiwan

Proof of Ownership, with Unlinkability

  1. Citizen Digital Certificate 自然人憑證
  2. TW FidO 行動自然人憑證
  3. Driver's License

Programmable Cryptography: birthdate → age_over_18 == true

  1. National ID card
  2. National Health Insurance card
  3. Passport

European Age Verification App

Ptt × OpenAC (Ethereum Foundation)

Proof of Ownership, with Unlinkability (Demo)

  1. Citizen Digital Certificate 自然人憑證
  2. TW FidO 行動自然人憑證
1

iPlayground 2026, with a Prologue Podcast

Age Assurance Frameworks, and Digital Identity Wallet

Denken Chen

2

Opinions are on my own

Table of Contents

  1. Regulation Trend: why verifying our age?
  2. Age Assurance Frameworks
  3. Digital Identity Wallet
  4. Zero Knowledge Proof
3

1. Regulation Trend

Why verifying our age?

Restrictions of social media access, content access, etc., required by age-verification laws!

4

To "Protect"

  • Children

To "Fight"

  • No real-name system
  • No Phone Home
  • Always a workaround, e.g. VPN

To "Governance"

5

2. Age Assurance Frameworks

An Overview

6

ISO/IEC 27566-1:2025

Methods

assurance implementation
age verification 👍 🤬 → 🤓
age estimation 🤔 😡
age inference 👎 😗
7

Apple's Age Assurance Frameworks

  1. Declared Age Range API
    • selfDeclared
    • guardianDeclared
  2. If you're asked to confirm that you’re an adult
  3. Verify with Wallet API
  4. Adding Digital ID to Apple Wallet, and... Digital Identity Wallet?
8

3. Digital Identity Wallet

From the governments, around the world.

Why not just using Apple Wallet?

9
10

Standards War

11

Possible Credentials for Natural Person in Digital Identity Wallet Around the World

  1. eID
  2. Driver's License
  3. Digital Travel Credential (from passport)
  4. Education and professional qualifications
  5. ...

The image is licensed under CC BY 4.0 International.

12

Possible Credentials for Verifying 18+ in Taiwan

Proof of Ownership

  1. Citizen Digital Certificate 自然人憑證
  2. TW FidO 行動自然人憑證
  3. Driver's License

Birthdate field, with Selective Disclosure

  1. National ID card
  2. National Health Insurance card
  3. Passport
  4. TWCA Mobile ID
13

4. Zero Knowledge Proof

Advanced cryptography. What’s the benefits?

14

Possible Credentials for Verifying 18+ in Taiwan

Proof of Ownership, with Unlinkability

  1. Citizen Digital Certificate 自然人憑證
  2. TW FidO 行動自然人憑證
  3. Driver's License

Programmable Cryptography: birthdate → age_over_18 == true

  1. National ID card
  2. National Health Insurance card
  3. Passport
15

European Age Verification App

The image is licensed under CC BY 4.0 International.

16

Ptt × OpenAC (Ethereum Foundation)

Proof of Ownership, with Unlinkability (Demo)

  1. Citizen Digital Certificate 自然人憑證
  2. TW FidO 行動自然人憑證